The research delved into the meticulous diagnosis of deteriorated paint layers adorning the mural panels created by Almada Negreiros at the Alcântara Maritime Station in Lisbon. The study revealed that salts, particularly alkali sulphates, were the culprits behind the observed flaking, lack of cohesion, erosion, and lacunae in the paint layers. To unravel the intricate composition and condition of the artwork, a comprehensive array of analytical techniques was employed.
In-situ analyses, optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, μ-XRD, μ-Raman, µ-FT-IR, and Py-GC/MS were utilised to scrutinise the paint layers and identify the underlying causes of deterioration. The mineralogical analysis unveiled the presence of various phases such as Thenardite, Gypsum, Syngenite, Aphthitalite, Anhydrite, Calcite, and Barite within the paint layers. Additionally, the detection of ochre pigments and organic materials like vinyl polymer provided further insights into the composition of the artwork.
The results obtained from this meticulous analysis not only shed light on the current state of the mural paintings but also serve as a guiding beacon for future conservation efforts. By understanding the underlying causes of deterioration and the composition of the paint layers, conservators and restorers can tailor their conservation strategies to effectively preserve and restore Almada Negreiros’ masterpiece at the Alcântara Maritime Station. This study sets the stage for future analytical campaigns and conservation interventions aimed at safeguarding the cultural heritage embodied in these iconic mural panels.
