The article delves into an in-depth analysis of the materials and techniques utilised in a painting attributed to the Portuguese mannerist painter Francisco João. Through meticulous examination, a diverse palette of pigments was uncovered, including lead white, lead-tin yellow, minium, vermilion, ochres of various hues, and umber. The investigation involved the identification of vermilion by detecting mercury associated with sulfur, as well as the characterisation of red lake dyestuffs in organic pigments using HF 2M extraction and HPLC methods. Notably, smalt was identified as a blue pigment through elemental analysis, shedding light on the composition of the artwork.
Furthermore, the study highlighted the presence of a green glaze rich in copper and the deliberate use of verdigris, showcasing the artist’s strategic pigment choices. The painting techniques employed a combination of azurite and smalt in blue areas, along with lead white, red lake, ochre, and charcoal black for shading and modelling purposes. The research emphasised the formal influence of Roman Mannerism in the artwork, characterised by smooth surfaces and well-defined contour outlines.
Overall, the investigation provides valuable insights into the diverse palette and intricate techniques utilised by Francisco João, offering a glimpse into the artistic practices of the period. By unravelling the materials and methods employed in the creation of the painting, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the artistic process and the historical context in which the artwork was produced. The meticulous analysis sheds light on the craftsmanship and skill of the artist, enriching our appreciation of the painting’s composition and style.
