This article presents preliminary results from the typological and analytical study of copper-based metal objects found at the Castelo Velho site in Freixo de Numão, dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. The metal artefacts are associated with ceremonial activities and contribute to the circulation of material goods, people, and ideas within the communities of that era. Spatial distribution analysis shows a high occurrence of metal elements in association with circular structures in the eastern part of the upper enclosure, indicating specific patterns of deposition and concentration.
The study highlights the composition of the metals found at Castelo Velho, showing similarities with typical Chalcolithic metal production in Northwestern Iberia. The research utilised non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to examine the metal composition, revealing the predominant use of nearly pure copper and copper-arsenic alloys in the artefacts. The spatial distribution of the metal elements within the architectural layout of the site suggests varying patterns of deposition, with most elements dispersed across different areas and some concentrated near specific structures.
Overall, the findings contribute to understanding the social practices and material culture of the Castelo Velho monument during the 3rd millennium BC. The presence of simple metallic typologies, such as flat axes and chisels, indicates specific activities related to the site. The exception of a gold ring as an adornment piece adds complexity to the interpretation of the artefacts. This study sheds light on the significance of metal objects in prehistoric contexts and their role in shaping social interactions and cultural practices during the Chalcolithic period in Northwestern Portugal.
