The article focuses on the biodiversity and biodeteriogenic activity of microbial communities in the Escoural Cave in Portugal. The presence of visitors in the cave environment can significantly impact the cave’s ecosystems and unique artworks. Measures have been taken to limit visitor impact, but monitoring the cave’s microbial diversity is crucial. Fungal growths observed in the cave highlight the dynamic nature of microbial populations and their vulnerability to external nutrients.
The study reveals a diverse microbial community in the cave, with low metabolic activity but potential threats to the cave’s rock support and artworks. Long-term monitoring is recommended to understand microbial colonisation and spread. The research provides valuable insights into the conservation of the Palaeolithic cave art site in Escoural, emphasising the need for further analysis to identify unknown species and their effects on the cave environment.
Microbial diversity was assessed using high-throughput sequencing, and the biodeteriogenic activity of microbial communities was studied. The study combines culture-dependent methods, biomarkers’ viability assays, and rock analysis to better understand microbial biodiversity in the cave. Despite the large microbial diversity, the biodeteriogenic effect on the cave’s artworks appears limited, with water leakage being a significant factor in their alteration.
Overall, the research highlights the importance of monitoring microbial communities in caves to preserve cultural heritage. Assessing microbial viability and activity provides crucial insights into potential threats to cave artworks, emphasising the need for ongoing monitoring and conservation efforts in the Escoural Cave.
