This chapter of the book “Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage”, edited by Edith Joseph, discusses a green mitigation strategy for cultural heritage using bacterial biocides. It highlights the microbiota present in cultural heritage objects, emphasising the role of bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, and lichens in inducing decay through biological mechanisms.
Various methods to control microbial growth, such as mechanical, physical, and chemical processes, are explored, with a focus on the limitations and hazards associated with these methods. The identification of biodeterioration agents and the design of mitigation strategies directed towards these agents without harming historical materials, the environment, or operators are crucial challenges in preserving cultural heritage.
Bacillus species, particularly Bacillus spp., are identified as valuable for creating new green biocide solutions due to their production of secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial peptides with antagonistic activities against biodeteriogenic fungi and bacteria. The chapter emphasises the importance of discovering safe active compounds and utilising green nanotechnology for direct application in safeguarding cultural heritage. It also discusses the potential for a new generation of biocides and sustainable methods for cultural heritage preservation through the development of innovative solutions based on bacterial biocides.
Overall, the chapter underscores the significance of leveraging microbial resources for combating biodeterioration in cultural heritage while ensuring the safety of materials, the environment, and individuals involved in preservation efforts. It points towards a future where advancements in biocide development and sustainable practices can contribute to the long-term protection and conservation of cultural heritage sites.
