The article discusses the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of Metal Nanoparticles (MNPs) using biological extracts and microorganisms. It highlights the variations in biosynthesis based on different precursors and concentrations of elements. MNPs have shown promising antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms isolated from cultural heritage materials. The study also proposes integrated mechanisms for the antimicrobial action of MNPs. Additionally, the research emphasises the importance of molecules with reducing groups for MNPs synthesis, such as carboxyl, amide, thiol, and hydroxyl.
Furthermore, recent studies from 2018 to 2022 on the biosynthesis of MNPs using microorganisms, particularly silver nanoparticles, are summarised. The review suggests that the presence of reducing enzymes influences the reaction speed during biosynthesis. MNPs biosynthesis mechanisms involve metal reduction by enzymes and molecules from the supernatant, particle agglomeration, and capping by negatively charged molecules. The article also discusses the potential applications of MNPs in preserving cultural heritage materials, such as stone, paper, textiles, and wood, due to their cleaning, hydrophobicity, and antimicrobial properties.
In conclusion, the review provides insights into the green synthesis of MNPs and their antimicrobial mechanisms, emphasising the need for further research in this area. The compilation of recent studies underscores the growing interest in utilising microorganisms for MNPs biosynthesis and their potential applications in cultural heritage preservation.
