The article investigates the biodeterioration of Ançã limestone in the Convent of Christ, focusing on the visible structural and aesthetic damages observed on the stone materials. The study employs culture-dependent methods to characterise the biological colonisation present on the stone surfaces. DNA extraction and sequencing techniques are utilised to analyse the bacterial and fungal communities thriving in this environment. The results reveal the presence of biofilms and microbial contaminants that contribute to the deterioration of the stone surfaces.
Taxonomic identification of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic populations in the Convent sheds light on the diverse microbial communities responsible for the biodeterioration processes. The study emphasises the importance of metagenomic approaches in understanding and mitigating the impact of these biodeteriorative agents on historical stone structures. By identifying specific microorganisms such as Rubrobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp., and Ulocladium sp., the research highlights the role of these species in causing coloured stains, biofilm formation, and structural damages on the stone materials.
Ongoing monitoring efforts at the Convent of Christ involve in situ measurements of temperature and humidity, microanalytical analyses, and assessment of biocolonizer changes throughout the seasons. Future actions may include the use of natural biocompounds for cleaning and prevention, as well as the screening of microbial communities before and after the application of biocides. Overall, the study underscores the need for comprehensive strategies to safeguard cultural heritage sites from the detrimental effects of microbial biodeterioration.
