This article presents a multi-analytical characterization of mortars from historical monuments in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study aims to contribute to existing datasets by expanding the sample size for future comparative research. By incorporating chromatographic techniques, the importance of identifying organic components in mortars is highlighted.
The research focuses on monuments in Hanuman Dhoka and Patan Durbar squares, shedding light on the evolution of material use over time, such as the transition from mud mortar to lime mortar. The analysis reveals insights into construction technology and the composition of mortars with organic binding media, which were previously only recorded in filler mortars for brick structures. The study acknowledges limitations due to the small sample size and lack of comparative studies in the region but emphasises the significance of the findings for enhancing knowledge of past technological traditions.
Various analytical techniques, including X-ray Diffraction, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and Py-GC-MS for organic composition, were employed to characterise the mineralogical and organic components of the mortars. The results provide valuable information for preservation and conservation efforts of these UNESCO World Heritage sites, showcasing the intricate craftsmanship of the Malla kings from the 12th to 18th centuries.
Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of historical construction materials and techniques in the Kathmandu Valley, offering a comprehensive analysis of mortar composition and construction practices in the region.
