The Italian constitution is the fundamental law of the Italian parliamentary republic. The first 12 articles constitute the fundamental principles. Among them, article 9 is dedicated to culture and cultural heritage. Article 9, together with articles 33 and 34 constitute the Cultural Constitution.
Art. 9
The Republic promotes the development of culture and of scientific and technical research.
It safeguards the natural landscape and the historical and artistic heritage of the Nation.
It protects the environment, biodiversity and ecosystems, also in the interests of future generations. State law regulates the ways and forms of animal protection.
Art. 33
The Republic guarantees the freedom of the arts and sciences, which may be freely taught.
The Republic lays down general rules for education and establishes state schools of all branches and grades.
Entities and private persons have the right to establish schools and institutions of education, at no cost to the State.
The law, when setting out the rights and obligations for the non-state schools which request parity, shall ensure that these schools enjoy full liberty and offer their pupils an education and qualifications of the same standards as those afforded to pupils in state schools.
State examinations are prescribed for admission to and graduation from the various branches and grades of schools and for qualification to exercise a profession.
Higher education institutions, universities and academies, have the right to establish their own regulations within the limits laid down by the law.
Art. 34
Schools are open to everyone. Primary education, given for at least eight years, is compulsory and free of tuition.
Capable and deserving pupils, including those lacking financial resources, have the right to attain the highest levels of education.
The Republic renders this right effective through scholarships, allowances to families and other benefits, which shall be assigned through competitive examinations.
